A new transport model combining automated trucks and rail freight is being tested in Japan. Nippon Express, Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight), and T2 have launched the first domestic trial of this so-called "modal combination" transport system.
Overview of the trial
The demonstration is based on T2’s Level 2 automated truck technology. Level 2 refers to advanced driver assistance systems where the truck operates autonomously under certain conditions, but a driver remains present. T2 plans to deploy Level 4 trucks starting in 2027, which would allow fully automated driving under specific roadway conditions.
The companies involved in the project have been preparing this initiative since November 2024. The participants include Nippon Express, Zenkoku Tsuun, Japan Freight Liner, JR Freight, and T2.
The primary objective is to combine Japan’s nationwide freight rail network with T2’s automated truck system to create an integrated transport solution. The test aims to evaluate whether this combination can offer flexible routing and capacity options.
Jointly developed container
For the demonstration, JR Freight and T2 jointly developed a 31-foot standardized container that enables direct transfers between freight trains and T2’s trucks. This container is expected to streamline cargo handling during the modal shifts.
Transport routes and responsibilities
The demonstration, conducted between June 20 and June 24, 2025, follows these routes:
- Hokkaido to Sapporo Freight Terminal: Handled by Nippon Express trucks.
- Sapporo Freight Terminal to Sumidagawa Station in Tokyo: Transported by JR Freight’s freight trains.
- Sumidagawa Station to Baika Freight Terminal in Osaka: Operated by T2’s Level 2 automated trucks on highways and adjacent local roads.
- Baika Freight Terminal to Yukijirushi Megmilk’s logistics hub in Osaka: Final delivery by Nippon Express trucks.
Nippon Express is responsible for collection and delivery between freight terminals and the customer’s facilities.
Companies and responsibilities
- Yukijirushi Megmilk: Provides the goods and conducts post-transport quality checks.
- Nippon Express: Manages collection and delivery.
- JR Freight: Handles rail transport and operational verification.
- T2: Oversees automated truck transport and testing.
Test components
The trial includes verification of container transfer operations at Sumidagawa Station, assessment of the end-to-end transport process from Hokkaido to Kansai, and evaluation of transport quality, particularly focusing on the automated truck segments. During this phase, all automated trucks are operated with a driver on board.
The demonstration focuses on testing whether this combined transport model can become a practical option for domestic logistics in Japan.
